When the determinants of regional competition (RC) are discussed two categories of studies can be distinguished: the first category approaches RC as a cumulative result of more determinant factors, while the second one focuses on a particular driver of competitiveness. The factors most frequently taken into considerations refer to employment and productivity level, sectorial structure of employment, demographic trends, investments, investment in knowledge economy assets, infrastructure endowment, level and nature of education, innovation and R&D. In the current debates about European economic and social cohesion RC represents a key issue. As pointed out in a paper by Nijkamp (1997) and confirmed by the international experience, in an increasing regional competition there will be always winners and losers but “it is important to recognize the difference between absolute and relative winners (or losers)”. Based on these overall considerations this paper proposes an insight into Romanian regions’ competitiveness, mainly from human resources perspective. Employing data offered by both Romanian and EU official statistics it aims to provide a hierarchy of Romanian regions from their competitiveness viewpoint in national context as well as to identify the competitive advantages of Romania’s human resources in the new context generated by its accession to the EU.