The state of health of a population has been analyzed and measured through various indicators. All previous analysis tried to determine wether a “healthier” population can improve the development of a country, or, similarly, if a “sicker” population consumes more than it produces, thus inducing a slower pace of development. Surprisingly or not, the case is different from one country to another, the historical perspective being an important determinant. The paper takes into consideration all major health indicators and shows the extent to which they can be related to economic growth and prosperity in case of Romania, through comparison with other European countries.